Bypass Rate Limits on Authentication Endpoints Like a Pro
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Understanding Rate Limit Bypasses
In the realm of ethical hacking, the ability to bypass rate limits can significantly increase your chances of securing bounties. This guide will delve into various effective methods to help you navigate these restrictions with ease.
Section 1.1 Header Manipulation
When encountering rate limits, HTTP headers can serve as powerful tools. To enhance your requests, consider adding the following headers just below the Host header:
- X-Forwarded-For: IP
- X-Forwarded-Host: IP
- X-Client-IP: IP
- X-Remote-IP: IP
- X-Remote-Addr: IP
- X-Host: IP
Changing the IP address with each request that encounters a blockade can prove advantageous. A useful strategy is to append a double X-Forwarded-For header with the value 127.0.0.1 to bypass the rate limit:
X-Forwarded-For:
X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1
Section 1.2 CAPTCHA Bypasses
CAPTCHAs often present challenges during testing. Here are some clever methods to navigate these obstacles:
- Remove the CAPTCHA parameter from your request body.
- Include a string that matches the length of the parameter.
- Keep the intercept active and direct the request to Intruder for surprising outcomes.
Creativity is key when tackling these barriers.
Subsection 1.2.1 Character Manipulation
Experimenting with characters can yield impressive results. Here are some techniques:
- Append a Null Byte (%00) to the end of an email to potentially evade rate limits.
- Try placing a space character after an email (without encoding).
- Utilize characters such as %0d, %2e, %09, and %20 for optimal results.
Experimentation is crucial to identify what works best in your specific scenario.
Chapter 2 Exploring Alternative Endpoints
When faced with rate limits, investigating alternative login or password recovery endpoints can be fruitful. These hidden pathways may exist within mobile applications or outdated JavaScript files. Often, the less obvious routes conceal valuable backdoors.
Section 2.1 Route Modification Technique
As a bonus strategy, consider manipulating endpoint routes. Rate-limiting rules frequently target specific paths. By adjusting the endpoint with /. or /.., the request may no longer align with the rate-limiting criteria, allowing for additional requests.
Here’s how it operates:
- Modification Technique: Add /. or /.. to the endpoint route.
- Normalization Confusion: The server might discard these modifications during normalization.
Effectively, /path and /path/.. may be treated as identical requests after normalization, facilitating the bypass of rate limits.
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